Main points of the deal

Security arrangements

The agreement:

• Requires complete, verifiable disarmament of Janjawid militia by mid-October. Provides milestones such as the containment of Janjawid and other armed militias into specific restricted areas before disarmament, removal of heavy weapons, specific assurances of security in assembly areas of the rebel movements, and other steps to contain, reduce, and ultimately eliminate the threat posed by such forces.
• Places restrictions on the movements of the [paramilitary] Popular Defence Forces (PDF) and requires them to be reduced in size.
• A detailed sequencing and phasing schedule ensures that Janjawid and other armed militia will be disarmed before rebel forces assemble and prepare for their own disarmament and demobilisation. African Union peacekeepers will inspect and certify that areas are safe and secure prior to rebel assembly.
• The Sudanese government must punish ceasefire violations by Janjawid and other armed militia including the PDF, including through immediate disarmament and demobilisation.

The agreement also:

• Establishes buffer zones around IDP [internally displaced persons] camps and humanitarian assistance corridors, into which rebel forces and Sudanese Armed Forces cannot go.
• Defines the principles for integration of the rebel forces into the Sudanese armed forces and police.
  – 4,000 former combatants will be integrated into the army.
  – 1,000 will be integrated into the police.
  – 3,000 will be supported through education and training programmes to assist in the civilian reconstruction and development of Darfur.
• Provides “for strong rebel forces representation in the leadership positions [officers and commanders] of the Sudanese armed forces” and requires “the Sudanese government of national unity to review security institutions, especially paramilitary forces, and to ensure professionalism, effectiveness, and a focus on the rule of law”.

Power-sharing

The agreement:

• Gives the rebel movements the fourth-highest position in the Sudanese government of national unity; senior assistant to the president and chairperson of the transitional Darfur regional authority.
• Establishes democratic processes for the people of Darfur to choose their leaders and determine their status as a region.
  – A popular referendum by July 2010 is to decide whether to establish Darfur as a unitary region with a single government.
  – Elections at every level of government shall be held not later than July 2009, in accordance with the interim national constitution.

For the three-year period before elections, the agreement:

• Grants the rebel movements chairmanship and control (at least eight of 10 seats) in the transitional Darfur regional authority. This body is responsible for implementation of the peace agreement in Darfur.
• Allocates to the rebel movements 12 seats in the national assembly in Khartoum.
• Allocates to the rebel movements 21 seats in each of the Darfur state legislatures.
• Awards to the rebel movements one state governor of Darfur, and two deputy state governors.
• Allocates to the rebel movements senior positions in state ministries.
• Guarantees to the rebel movements key posts in local governments.

Wealth-sharing

The agreement:

• Creates a fund for Darfur reconstruction and development. The government of national unity will contribute $300 million  initially and then $200 million a year for two additional years.
• Calls for a joint assessment mission – modelled on the one done for southern reconstruction after the Comprehensive (North-South) Peace Agreement – to determine the specific reconstruction and development needs of Darfur.
• Commits other countries to holding a donors’ conference to pledge additional funds for Darfur, and invites the chairperson of the transitional Darfur regional authority to present to that conference a summary of needs and priorities.
• Establishes a commission to work with the UN to help refugees and displaced persons return to their homes.
• Creates a commission to provide compensation to victims of the conflict.
• Creates transparent process to track the flow of grants and monies from Khartoum into Darfur.