US jobs market shows signs of improvement but challenges ahead

Fewer people in the United States filed new claims for unemployment benefits last week amid falling COVID-19 infections but the near-term outlook for the labour market is unclear after winter storms wreaked havoc in southern states earlier this month.

Still, the decline in claims to a three-month low reported by the Department of Labor on Thursday suggested the jobs market was slowly regaining traction, catching up with the broader economy, after hitting a pothole in late 2020. Other data showed a solid increase in demand for US-manufactured goods in January.

The reports followed on the heels of news last week that retail sales increased by the most in seven months in January.

The brightening economic picture reflects nearly $900bn in additional pandemic relief provided by the government in late December and the reopening of many service businesses as the northern winter coronavirus wave recedes. It was unlikely to derail US President Joe Biden’s $1.9 trillion recovery plan under consideration in the US Congress.

“The data underscore the big boost to growth already evident from last December’s stimulus,” said Chris Low, the chief economist at FHN Financial in New York. “Momentum on the next stimulus bill may be too powerful to stop … some of the spending is needed despite the economy’s strength.”

Initial claims for state unemployment benefits fell 111,000 to a seasonally adjusted 730,000 for the week that ended on February 20, the lowest level since November. Economists polled by the Reuters news agency had forecast 838,000 applications in the latest week, while the Bloomberg news agency had projected 825,000.

Unadjusted claims – which do not take into account seasonal factors – decreased 131,734 to 710,313 last week. There was a sharp decline in filings in Ohio, which had been plagued by fraudulent applications. Claims also fell in California.

Including a government-funded programme for the self-employed, gig workers and others who do not qualify for the regular state programmes, 1.2 million people filed claims last week.

Though claims have dropped from a record 6.867 million last March when the pandemic hit the US, they remain above their 665,000 peak during the 2007-09 Great Recession, underscoring the damage the virus caused.

In the coming week, claims could be boosted by the stormy weather in the densely populated south, which left large parts of Texas in the dark and without water for days. Unadjusted claims for Texas fell last week, likely as power outages prevented the filing and processing of applications.

“We would not be surprised to see a rise in claims next week as a result of the weather-related backup, but expect claims to begin trending lower more definitively over the course of March,” said Sarah House, a senior economist at Wells Fargo Securities in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Cautious optimism

The economy has recovered 12.3 million of the 22.2 million jobs lost during the pandemic. Employment is not expected to return to its pre-pandemic level before 2024. Millions of Americans are experiencing long spells of joblessness.

The number of people receiving benefits after an initial week of aid dropped 101,000 to 4.419 million during the week ended February 13. But that was mainly due to people exhausting their eligibility for benefits, limited to 26 weeks in most states.

At least 5.066 million people were on extended benefits during the week ended February 6, an increase of 1.0 million from the prior period. These benefits, which are funded by the government, will expire in mid-March if Congress does not pass the Biden administration’s relief package.

About 19.043 million people were on unemployment benefits under all programmes in early February. But there is reason to be cautiously optimistic about the labour market.

Daily coronavirus cases and hospitalisations have dropped to levels last seen before the Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays, while the pace of vaccination is picking up.

The improving public health situation helped to boost retail sales in January. Households’ perceptions of the labour market also improved in February, setting the wheels in motion for stronger economic growth this quarter.

A separate report on Thursday from the Department of Commerce showed orders for non-defence capital goods excluding aircraft, a closely watched proxy for business spending plans, rose 0.5 percent in January after surging 1.5 percent in December.

These so-called core capital goods orders jumped 8.3 percent year-on-year in January, underpinning manufacturing, which accounts for 11.9 percent of the US economy. Core capital goods shipments, which are used to calculate equipment spending in the government’s gross domestic product measurement, accelerated 2.1 percent after increasing 1.0 percent in December.

“While there is still plenty we don’t know about activity in the first quarter as a whole, we think that real growth in equipment spending will be strong,” said Daniel Silver, an economist at JPMorgan in New York.

Economists last week boosted their first-quarter gross domestic product (GDP) growth estimates to as high as a 6 percent annualised rate from as low as a 2.3 percent pace following the blowout retail sales data and indications that the White House’s enormous stimulus package could be fully approved.

The economy grew at a 4.1 percent rate last quarter, the Department of Commerce said in its second estimate of fourth-quarter GDP growth on Thursday. That was a slight upward revision from the 4.0 percent pace reported in January and a sharp deceleration from a record 33.4 rate in the third quarter.