The return of the BP disaster?

Oil is resurfacing again not far from the location of the BP Macondo Well off the Gulf of Mexico, 15 months on.

Oil leak
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According to oil trackers, globs of oil have been spotted near the Macondo Well [Bonny Schumaker/On Wings of Care]

Fifteen months after BP’s crippled Macondo Well in the Gulf of Mexico caused the worst environmental disaster in US history, oil and oil sheen covering several square miles of water are surfacing not far from BP’s well.

According to oil trackers with the organisation On Wings of Care who have been monitoring the oil since early August, rainbow-tinted slicks and thicker globs of oil have been visible.

“BP and NOAA [National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration] have had all these ships out there doing grid searches looking at things, so hopefully now they’ll take a look at this,” Bonny Schumaker, president and pilot of On Wings of Care, told Al Jazeera.

Schumaker, who has logged approximately 500 hours of flight time monitoring the area around the Macondo well for oil, said during her August 30 overflight of the area “we saw the slick cover roughly 10 miles [16km] in one direction and four miles [6km] in another”.

Schumaker has flown scientists from NASA, USGS, and oil chemistry scientists to observe conditions resulting from BP’s oil disaster that began in April 2010.

BP, whose Macondo well gushed at least 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico after the Deepwater Horizon rig exploded and sank to the bottom, has denied that the oil is coming from their well.

On August 18 reports surfaced that a large swath of oil sheen was reported near the site of last year’s oil disaster. BP officials, in coordination with the US Coast Guard, deployed two submersibles to investigate the site.

BP said their visual inspection confirmed there wasn’t any oil released from the Macondo well, and that it observed bubbles from cement ports near the site of some of its Gulf wells.

“These observations are consistent with testing and sampling performed last year that detected nitrogen bubbles, a residual byproduct of the nitrified foam used in setting the wells’ surface casing cement,” the company said in a statement.

Aerial survey

After the report in Mobile Alabama’s Press-Register newspaper, the Coast Guard deployed a boat to Mississippi Canyon 252, the federal block about 40 miles off the Louisiana coast where the well is located, and also conducted an aerial survey of the site by helicopter.

“Both observed nothing,” said Captain Jonathan Burton, who is based in Morgan City, Louisiana.

BP, in addition, said neither a vessel it had on the scene late in the day nor a science vessel on site throughout the day reported seeing any oily sheen.

However, a reporter from the Press-Register took samples of the sheen and sent them to Louisiana State University for analysis.

Edward Overton, a professor emeritus at Louisiana State University’s environmental sciences department examined data from the samples.

 Overton, who is also a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) contractor, told Al Jazeera, “After examining the data, I think it’s a dead ringer for the MC252 [Macondo Well] oil, as good a match as I’ve seen.”

He explained that the samples were analysed and compared to “the known Macondo oil fingerprint, and it was a very, very close match.”

While not ruling out the possibility that oil could be seeping out of the giant reservoir, which would be the worst case scenario, Overton believes the oil currently reaching the surface is likely from oil that was trapped in the damaged rigging on the seafloor.

Al Jazeera asked BP to comment on Prof Overton’s findings.

“We can tell you that we recently sent a remote operated submarine down to inspect the Macondo well cap and the relief well cap,” Tom Mueller, a press officer for BP America told Al Jazeera, “Both are intact and show no evidence of any oil leak. So no oil is leaking from the Macondo well.”

Mueller said it is possible the oil is from natural seeps, “but that is not known yet”.

BP’s Gulf of Mexico disaster is, to date, the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. BP has used at least 1.9 million gallons of toxic dispersants to sink the oil, in an effort the oil giant claimed was aimed at keeping the oil from reaching shore.

The dispersants are banned in at least 19 countries, including the UK.

Sightings of the oil continue as independent groups continue to monitor the situation.

Phantom islands

According to New Orleans Attorney Stuart Smith who litigates against major oil companies, “Oil has been surfacing all over the northern quadrant of the Gulf of Mexico for several weeks now. Reports of slicks that meander for kilometres and huge expanses of oil sheen that look like phantom islands are becoming common again.”

Smith added, “Fresh oil, only slightly weathered, has been washing ashore in areas hit hardest by last year’s disaster. These areas include Breton Island, Ship Island, the Chandeleur Islands, and northern Barataria Bay, Louisiana.”

Natural oil seepage in the Gulf of Mexico is a natural phenomenon and can cause sheens, but the current oil and sheens are suspect due to their size and location near the Macondo well.

Overton told Al Jazeera that another possibility is that oil is leaking from the broken riser pipe that connected the Deepwater Horizon to the well, or that oil is leaking from the Deepwater Horizon itself.

The possibility that brings the greatest concern is that oil is leaking from the reservoir straight out of the ground beneath the capped wellhead, a situation that could be impossible to stop as the vent would increase in size over time due to the highly pressurized reservoir.

Follow Dahr Jamail on Twitter: @DahrJamail

Source: Al Jazeera