Hundreds of thousands of people have rallied in Barcelona, calling for Spain to stay united.
The protesters say they are the so-called "silent majority" who don't support Catalonia's independence bid.
While supporters of the secessionist movement worry it is losing its momentum, some of these pro-union protesters were demanding the arrest of deposed Catalan leader Carles Puigdemont.
Al Jazeera's Andrew Simmons reports from Barcelona.