German ex-president Weizsaecker dies at 94

Germany’s former president Richard von Weizsaecker has died at the age of 94.

Weizsaecker challenged the country’s attitudes about the Holocaust by arguing that the country had been liberated by the Nazi defeat in 1945. His death was announced by incumbent President Joachim Gauck’s office on Saturday.

During his 10 years in the office, Weizsaecker did not shy away from thorny political debates such as on integration, and won recognition and respect at home and abroad.

He presided over the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990, 11 months after the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Weizsaecker was most remembered for a landmark speech in May 1985 marking the 40th anniversary of the end of the second World War in which he urged Germans to come to terms with responsibility for the Holocaust, stirring controversy by saying Germany had been liberated by the Third Reich’s downfall.

“All of us, whether guilty or not, whether young or old, must accept the past. We are all affected by its consequences and liable for it. Anyone who closes his eyes to the past is blind to the present. The 8th of May was a day of liberation. It freed us all from the system of National Socialist tyranny.”

‘Conscience of Germany’

Weizsaecker, a conservative Christian Democrat who had served as a Wehrmacht officer during World War Two, became West Germany’s president in 1984 and left office a decade later.

More than any predecessor, he used the largely ceremonial post to serve as the “conscience of Germany” and spoke out often about the country’s special responsibility after World War Two.

After a career in law and business, he entered politics in 1969 and in 1981 became mayor of West Berlin. His statesmanlike speeches helped raise West Germany’s standing in the eyes of the wartime allied powers, easing concerns about unification later.

He drew criticism for having served in Adolf Hitler’s army, where he was promoted several times and in 1944 awarded the Iron Cross – a military decoration.

The young lawyer also defended his father Ernst, who served in the Nazi foreign ministry from 1938 to 1943 and was a member of the Schutzstaffel – the SS – at the Nuremberg trials in 1948-49.

Defending himself, Weizsaecker said: “Guilt, like innocence, is always a matter for the individual.” As an officer, he said, he had acted according to his principles, and refused to instruct his troops to carry out orders which came from top Nazis if he found them “inhumane”.

Weizsaecker was born in the southwestern city of Stuttgart on April 15, 1920, the fourth child of an aristocratic family. He had three sons and a daughter with his wife, Marianne.