US reassures Europe over defence cuts

Leon Panetta, US Defense Secretary, says US army would have about 37,000 soldiers in Europe [Reuters]

The US Defence Secretary has reassured European allies that Washington remains committed to their security despite an austerity drive, as NATO pushed for new ways for alliance members to maintain its capabilities at lower cost.

Leon Panetta said the US Army would still have about 37,000 soldiers in Europe even after it withdraws two of its four combat brigades, about 7,000 soldiers, as part of efforts to cut $487bn from the defence budget over the next decade.

“Our military footprint in Europe will remain larger than in any other region of the world,” Panetta told a Munich security conference on Saturday.

“That’s not only because the peace and prosperity of Europe is critically important to the United States, but because Europe remains our security partner of choice for military operations and diplomacy around the world. We saw that in Libya last year, and we see it in Afghanistan every day,” he said.

The conference, an annual gathering of foreign policy experts, this year featured much talk on how to maintain defence capabilities in the face of budget cuts, as many NATO members struggle with heavy sovereign debt.

To remedy the problem, NATO last year called for “smart defence”, meaning more efficient use of military budgets and a more open market for defence equipment. The European Union has been calling for the “pooling and sharing” of military resources.

‘Common command’

Anders Fogh Rasmussen, NATO’s secretary-general, on Saturday proposed enhancing this with a “Connected Forces Initiative”.

“It’s the ability to connect all our forces,” he said. “Common understanding. Common command and control arrangements. Common standards. Common language. And common doctrine and procedures. It concerns everything we do as an alliance.”

Rasmussen called for greater use of joint training centres, such as those in Poland and Norway, and encouraged the opening up of national facilities.

He also wanted increased exercises, with a strengthened NATO Response Force (NRF), a stand-alone military force available for rapid deployment.

He gave the example of Denmark’s use during NATO’s Libya operation of F-16 planes bought from the United States, which were not capable of carrying French munitions.

To fix the problem, a universal ammunition adapter is now being tested, he said, “a bit like a plug adapter for planes”.

‘Tangible contribution’

Panetta pledged greater support for the NRF, saying the United States would rotate U.S.-based soldiers to Europe for training on a regular basis. He said one US-based brigade would act as Washington’s contribution to the response force.

“The NRF was designed to be an agile, rapidly deployable, multinational force that can respond to crises when and where necessary,” he said.

“The United States has endorsed the NRF but has not made a tangible contribution due to the demands of the wars,until now,” Panetta added.

The US has about 80,000 military personnel in Europe and 28 military bases.

But US lawmakers have been critical of Europe for low levels of defence spending. They have pressed for the withdrawal of American forces, saying it was time for the continent to shoulder more of the expense of defending itself.

In June, Robert Gates, the outgoing US defence secretary, warned that Europe’s declining defence capabilities presaged a “dim, if not dismal future for the transatlantic alliance”.

Last month, President Barack Obama announced a new strategy aimed at cutting defence spending over the next decade and shifting the US focus to the Asia-Pacific.