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Gallery|Poverty and Development

Delhi’s dilemma: What to do with its tonnes of waste?

Thousands of tonnes of rubbish are dumped on open landfills where children as young as five work to scavenge through it.

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Currently, there are three large landfill sites in the city - Ghazipur, Okhla, and Bhalswa. All of them are overflowing and despite the predicted increase in waste, no alternative site has been offered by Delhi’s civic authorities. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
By William Brown
Published On 29 Nov 201629 Nov 2016
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New Delhi, India – Delhi has been in the news for its “toxic” pollution, but the Indian capital has also been struggling to deal with another crisis – what to do with its rubbish.

Mountains of waste are dumped in open spaces where children can often be seen picking through the sometimes toxic material.

With Delhi’s population more than doubling since 1990, the city’s waste management infrastructure has been stretched beyond its limit. Every day Delhi produces around 10,000 metric tonnes of solid waste – roughly the weight of the Eiffel Tower. Official estimates predict that in five years the waste produced by the city will almost double to 18,000 tonnes a day.

Recently, India’s Supreme Court, angered by the apparent inaction on the issue, delivered a damning criticism of the city’s municipalities, saying that if Delhi’s waste was not managed properly the city faced an impending disaster.

Dozens of children, some as young as five, work alongside adults or in small groups with other children in northwest Delhi’s Bhalswa – one of three landfill sites in the city.

Although child labour is outlawed in India, UNICEF estimates that there are about 10.2 million children currently working in the country.

“On paper, these landfills are meant to be ‘sanitary’ landfills. But in reality, no precautions are taken. There’s no scientific process or segregation process. Almost 90 percent of the budget of the [Delhi] municipalities is spent on transporting waste, rather than managing waste,” said Vimlendu Jha, the executive director of Swechha, a Delhi-based NGO campaigning for social action on environmental issues.

“These are faceless, nameless individuals.”

The New Delhi Municipal Council, which manages Delhi’s waste, declined to comment on child labour at the landfill sites.

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In northwest Delhi, Bhalswa landfill towers above its surroundings. At 50 metres high and 40 acres across, it is a flaming mountain of decomposing waste. The thick smoke that engulfs the hundreds of circling birds can be seen from miles around. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
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The site spews methane, and in the heat fires break out everywhere, further polluting the Delhi air. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
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The rag pickers who work on the landfills are mostly unofficial workers who are paid around 100 rupees ($1.50) a day and make a few rupees extra selling any reusable scrap they find. But children, who work an average of at least 12 hours a day, earn less. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
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At the Bhalswa landfill site the rubbish is not processed or segregated but simply dumped layer upon layer on top of older waste. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
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The site opened in 1994 and despite 'expiring' from overuse in 2006, 10 years on, it is still in full operation, with 3,000 tonnes of rubbish arriving at the site every day. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
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'If you go to these sites you'll find women, you'll find children, who actually live on top of the landfill. They work to level the site and segregate the waste. The state doesn't acknowledge that waste pickers exist,' explains Vimlendu Jha, the executive director of Delhi-based NGO Swechha. 'These are faceless, nameless individuals.' [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
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A girl at Bhalswa landfill wipes her watering eyes. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
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Every day rag pickers are exposed to a cocktail of toxic substances and, working without protective clothing, are at high risk of infection. One study conducted by Chintan, an environmental research and action group working with child rag pickers in Delhi, found that 84 percent of children were severely anaemic, have worms and suffer from recurring fevers and multiple injuries. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
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'I haven't seen anything the administration has done to combat child labour on these sites. The administration hasn't really thought about going to the crevices into which children like this fall. Schools are horribly discriminatory towards waste pickers. Lots of kids don't feel respected when they go to school, so they drop out,' says the founder of Chintan environmental research and action group, Bharati Chaturvedi. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
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'The child waste pickers are, like most waste pickers in India, invisible to the Delhi government and to society at large. Nobody thinks of the special kinds of problems they have, like discrimination or bullying at school,' says Chaturvedi. 'Unfortunately they've inherited that cloak of invisibility from their families from the profession they’re involved in.' [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
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According to the All India Ragpickers Union (All India Kabadi Mazdoor Mahasangh), in India there are around four million rag pickers; in Delhi alone, there are 500,000. Most of them come from India’s lowest 'untouchable' caste and, lacking a basic education, find it near-impossible to work elsewhere. But many of them are illegal economic migrants from Bangladesh who, without the proper legal status, education or language skills, have become trapped in poverty. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
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Dozens of children, some as young as five, work among adults or in small groups of their own. Everyone has to work hard to dodge the many dumptrucks careering to and fro. Barely able to see, the drivers are desperate to leave the mountain and pay little attention to who’s around them. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
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Due to social stigma across India, rag pickers face terrible discrimination and communities are often blighted by alcoholism, literacy and drug abuse. Campaigners say many of the children working on the municipal sites in Delhi are orphans or separated and thus highly vulnerable to sexual abuse or being trafficked into sex slavery. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]
Dumpyard India / Please Do Not Use
Rag pickers compete to dig the mountains of waste unearthing decomposing jeans, broken razorblades, a pile of sanitary pads, rotting meat etc. They have to tread carefully to keep their feet from sinking too deep into the grey filth. [William Brown/Al Jazeera]


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