Controlling the message in restive Malaysia
Recent mass protests have raised concerns of a further clamping down on media reporting and free speech.
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia – The Malaysian government has shown an increased willingness to muffle the media and curb free speech, critics say, after the recent mass demonstrations over alleged corruption.
On the eve of one of the country’s biggest rallies late last month calling for free-and-fair elections, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission blocked access to four websites related to the non-government organisation Bersih (Clean).
The move was not an isolated one and comes in a year marked by website shutdowns and the arrests of journalists and civil society leaders.
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Malaysia: Crackdown on Freedom |
Despite the blocking of Bersih’s websites and the ban on yellow T-shirts under the Printing and Publications Act, an estimated 100,000 turned out in just that colour for the two-day rallies in a show of defiance.
Addressing the International Anti-Corruption Conference in Kuala Lumpur last week, Amnesty International Secretary-General Salil Shetty said an “Arab Spring-like situation” could happen in Malaysia if free speech continues to be curbed.
Corruption allegations
The Bersih rally was called in the wake of damning corruption allegations surrounding Prime Minister Najib Abdul Razak.
In July, the Wall Street Journal published reports that $700m was deposited into Najib’s private bank account. Najib has said the money was a political donation from another nation that he didn’t identify.
Amid public calls for Najib to resign and inner-party pressure, Tourism and Culture Minister Nazri Aziz told Al Jazeera he was confident Najib would continue to lead into 2018 elections.
RELATED: Yellow protesters unafraid calling for PM’s resignation
“Don’t talk about winning with a big majority, those days are over because with the internet people are being misinformed. There has been a lot of abuse of social media,” Nazri said.
He insisted that Najib had done nothing wrong in accepting and putting the $700m into his account.
“What is said to be scandal is not actually scandalous. It is not wrong to receive a donation, and to me it is more transparent to put it in the bank than to accept cash. We do not have a law in this country on how political parties collect their funds,” Nazri said.
Najib had come to power in 2009 promising wide-ranging reforms, including scrapping the colonial-era Sedition Act. But six years later, it is still being used to charge activists, opposition politicians, and journalists.
Raiding the media
According to Amnesty International, between January and March this year at least 22 people were investigated under the act. While in 2014, 29 were investigated with three convictions.
A local expression among Malaysian civil society, “We have freedom of speech here, just no freedom after,” expresses the frustration they feel.
Organisers of recent protests are being investigated under Section 124C of the penal code, which refers to an “attempt to commit activity detrimental to parliamentary democracy” and carries a maximum of 15 years’ imprisonment.
RELATED: Malaysia: Crackdown on Freedom
While Malaysia’s traditional media is under a strict system of government licensing, online media that remains unregulated has increasingly come under pressure.
In June last year, Najib and the ruling party sued Malaysian independent website Malaysiakini for defamatory comments made by its readers and posted on its site. It was the first time a sitting prime minister has sued a news organisation.
Malaysiakini was launched in 1999 during the last major protest movement against the then-government of long-serving leader Mahathir Mohamad.
Editor-in-chief Steven Gan told Al Jazeera the government was trying to “roll back the clock” on press freedom.
“When we started Mahathir was in power, media was not free. Political suppression was definitely much worse than it was today. People on the street were afraid to speak out,” Gan said.
“During the premiership of [Abdullah Ahmad Badawai – 2003-2009] we saw an opening up. Now there is definitely an attempt to go back to the bad-old days of Mahathir. But Malaysians will not take it easily.”
In the past, Malaysiakini has come under denial-of-service cyber-attacks.
In the lead-up to the recent rallies, Malaysiakini developed a new phone application that helped it and organisers send information through an auto-updating message service designed to be accessible at large gatherings where mobile connection is scarce.
In March, news site the Malaysian Insider had its offices raided and five journalists and editors were held overnight over an alleged error in a story. They were later released without charge.
Its Chief Executive Jahabar Sadiq told Al Jazeera he believed they were detained “as a warning, ‘If you don’t tow the official narrative, more will happen to you'”.
In July, its partner print publications The Edge and The Edge Financial Daily had their printing licenses revoked after reporting on the $700m donation scandal.
Government Communications Director Abdul Rahman Dahlan was asked by Al Jazeera to comment on media clampdown allegations. A response was not received by publication time.
Social activist and media academic Niki Cheong told Al Jazeera the next few months would be telling for the country’s online freedom.
“It’s 50-50 [whether things will get worse]. They are threatening a lot of clampdowns,” Cheong said.
“But we have to give the government credit, they are not stupid people. So they have started closing down the websites, but not the social media sites, because if you remove someone’s Facebook the whole country will revolt.
“Whereas if you just close a few websites, one newspaper, you’ll only get a bit of noise,” he told Al Jazeera.
Disclaimer: Jarni Blakkarly occasionally contributes to Malaysiakini
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