US weekly jobless claims decline to fresh pandemic low

The number of Americans filing new claims for unemployment benefits dropped further below 500,000 last week, but jobless rolls swelled in early May, which could temper expectations for an acceleration in employment growth this month.

Other data on Thursday showed factory activity in the mid-Atlantic region growing at a significantly slower pace this month, likely because of shortages of labour and raw materials. A measure of employment dropped for factories in the region that covers eastern Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey and Delaware. But businesses boosted hours for workers.

The United States economy is reopening after being severely disrupted by COVID-19 for more than a year. But pent-up demand unleashed by the broadening economic re-engagement is pushing against supply constraints, threatening to slow the recovery from the coronavirus pandemic recession, which started in February 2020.

“If the data are taken at face value, it would suggest both a reduction in layoffs and a slowing in hiring, which given the rising level of labour demand could only be explained by a reduction in labour supply,” said Conrad DeQuadros, senior economic adviser at Brean Capital in New York.

Initial claims for state unemployment benefits totalled a seasonally adjusted 444,000 for the week ended May 15, compared to 478,000 in the prior week, the US Department of Labor said on Thursday. That was the lowest since mid-March 2020 and held claims below 500,000 for two straight weeks.

Economists polled by Reuters news agency had forecast 450,000 applications for the latest week. Jobless claims remain well above the 200,000-to-250,000 range that is viewed as consistent with healthy labour market conditions. Claims have dropped from a record 6.149 million in early April 2020.

Applications are likely to decrease further in the weeks ahead after Republican governors in at least 21 states announced they would withdraw next month from unemployment programmes funded by the federal government. These included a weekly $300 subsidy, and businesses say this is encouraging the jobless to stay at home instead of seeking work.

From manufacturing to restaurants and bars, employers are scrambling to find workers, even as nearly 10 million Americans are officially unemployed. The enhanced unemployment benefits give more than most jobs paying minimum wages, which range from as low as $7.25 per hour to as high as $15.

With more than a third of the population vaccinated against the coronavirus, restrictions on services industry businesses are being lifted, allowing for broader economic re-engagement. The economy is also being underpinned by nearly $6 trillion in pandemic relief provided by the government over the past year.

US stocks opened higher. The dollar was trading lower against a basket of currencies. US Treasury prices rose.

Supply constraints

Lack of childcare facilities, with most schools offering partial in-person learning, as well as lingering fears of COVID-19 and pandemic-related retirements are also believed to be contributing to the worker shortage, which curbed hiring in April. The government-funded benefits expire in early September and school districts are expected to resume in-person classes in the fall, which economists hope will boost the labour pool.

Minutes of the US Federal Reserve’s April 27-28 policy meeting published on Wednesday acknowledged reports of businesses “having trouble hiring workers”. They noted some of the factors behind the worker scarcity “were seen as likely to remain significant while pandemic-related risks persisted”.

In a separate report on Thursday, the Philadelphia Fed said its business activity index fell to a reading of 31.5 this month from 50.2 in April. A reading above zero indicates growth in the mid-Atlantic region’s manufacturing sector.

A measure of new orders received by factories grew at a slower pace in May relative to April, as did shipments. But backlogs of uncompleted work continued to pile up, testament to the inputs shortage. The survey’s gauge of factory employment dropped to a reading of 19.3 from 30.8 in April. The average workweek index jumped six points to 35.5.

Last week’s claims data included the period during which the government surveyed business establishments for the nonfarm payrolls component of May’s employment report. The economy created 266,000 jobs in April after adding 770,000 in March.

To get a better picture of how hiring fared in May, economists will await data next week on the number of people continuing to receive benefits after an initial week of aid. The so-called continuing claims are reported with a one-week lag.

Continuing claims increased 111,000 to 3.751 million during the week ended May 8. There were about 16 million people on unemployment benefits under all programmes on May 1.

“The overall trend in labour market conditions remains positive, even though it is unclear how that will translate quantitatively into next month’s employment data,” said Lou Crandall, chief economist at Wrightson ICAP in Jersey City.