China unveils details to fix state-owned enterprises

China has unveiled its plan to restructure its mammoth state enterprise sector, including partial privatisation, as data pointed to a cooling in the world’s second-largest economy.

The guidelines, jointly issued on Sunday by the Communist Party’s Central Committee and the State Council, China’s cabinet, included moves to clean up and integrate some state firms, the official Xinhua news agency said. It did not elaborate.

Reform of underperforming state-owned enterprises is one of China’s most pressing needs. But if not handled well, the restructuring could lead to hundreds of thousands of people being laid off and social instability.

Xinhua said the plans included introducing “mixed ownership” by bringing in private investment, and “decisive results” were expected by 2020.

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The government will not force “mixed ownership”, nor will it set a timetable, giving each firm the go-ahead only when conditions are mature, it said.

“This reform will be positive for improving the impetus of the economy and making growth more sustainable,” said Xu Hongcai, director of the economic research department at the China Centre for International Economic Exchange(CCIEE), a Beijing-based think-think.

Partial privatisation, he added, would help establish “check-and-balance and incentive systems” at state firms.

Curbing corruption

China’s government manages 111 companies centrally under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, or SASAC. Local governments own and manage around 25,000 state-owned companies and the sector employs nearly 7.5 million people.

State firms will be allowed to bring in “various investors” to help diversify share ownership, and more state firms will be encouraged to restructure to pave the way for stock listings, Xinhua said.

Private investors will be encouraged to buy stakes in state firms, buy convertible bonds issued by state firms, or swap shares with state firms, it said, adding steps will be taken to curb corruption during reforms.

However, Beijing will have to convince entrenched interests at local, provincial and national governments to relinquish some control over state enterprises. It would have to entice investors to buy shares after one of the worst stock market crashes in China’s history.

Xinhua indicated full-scale privatisation was not on the cards, saying the government was aiming to “cultivate a large number of state-owned backbone enterprises with innovation capability and international competitiveness”.

The details were issued after the government said growth in China’s investment and factory output missed forecasts in August. The data followed weak trade and inflation readings, raising the chances that economic growth may dip below seven percent in third-quarter for the first time since the global financial crisis.

Some economists believe growth is already much weaker than official data suggests.

Annual growth in real estate investment also continued to cool to 3.5 percent in the first eight months, the weakest since early 2009, from 4.3 percent in January-July.

While home sales and prices are slowly recovering from a slump last year – property area sold rose at a slightly faster pace of 7.2 percent in January-August – analysts say it will take time for developers to work off a huge overhang of unsold houses.

Retail sales were the lone upside surprise, growing 10.8 percent in August from a year earlier, above forecasts of 10.5 percent, the same as July.

China’s August yuan devaluation and a plunge in stock markets since June have fuelled fears of more economic shocks, although Premier Li Keqiang has brushed off concerns of a hard landing.