In the past 20 years, it was not 9/11 that shook the close ties between Washington and Riyadh.
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For now, it seems bilateral reconciliation efforts in the GCC are proceeding, albeit at various speeds.
The blockade on Qatar may have a lasting impact beyond the Al-Ula declaration.
The WTO ruling in favour of Qatar’s claims against Saudi Arabia could push forward efforts for a reconciliation.
Despite the US-Iran escalation, there seem to be more opportunities for engagement in the Gulf than a year ago.
The end of World War I marked the beginning of a major transformation in Turkey and the Middle East.
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