Caroline Hellyer

Mil­i­tary op­er­a­tions aside, gov­ern­ments are seek­ing to coun­ter­act the grow­ing ap­peal of vi­o­lent groups at its roots.

Re­cent ISIL com­mu­ni­ca­tions show at­tempts to se­cure in­flu­ence in East Africa – the strong­hold of al-Shabab and al-Qae­da.

Us­ing old So­vi­et con­nec­tions, Ugan­da and Rus­sia sealed an en­er­gy deal – the lat­est in a string of Moscow moves.

With sur­ren­der dead­line ex­pired, MONUS­CO and Con­golese army read­ies mil­i­tary op­er­a­tion against Hutu guer­ril­las.

A se­ries of dead­ly at­tacks have been linked to dis­con­tent in DR Con­go’s re­source-rich Katan­ga province.

The Con­golese army de­feat­ed the M23 fight­ers but their next tar­get, Ugan­dan group ADF-NALU is a dif­fer­ent chal­lenge.