Facebook versus Vietnam: Censorship wins

Facebook has agreed to significantly increase the censorship of “anti-state” posts for local users in Vietnam after its local servers were taken offline earlier this year, slowing local traffic to a crawl, two sources at the company told Reuters News Agency on Tuesday.

The restrictions, which the sources said were carried out by state-owned telecommunications companies, knocked the servers offline for about seven weeks, meaning the website became unusable at times.

“We believe the action was taken to place significant pressure on us to increase our compliance with legal takedown orders when it comes to content that our users in Vietnam see,” the first of the two Facebook sources told Reuters.

In an emailed statement, Facebook confirmed it had reluctantly complied with the government’s request to “restrict access to content which it has deemed to be illegal”.

Vietnam’s foreign ministry, which handles requests from foreign journalists for comment from the government, did not respond to a Reuters’ request. State telecommunications firms Viettel, Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group (VNPT) also did not respond to requests for comment.

Commenting on the Reuters report, human rights group Amnesty International called on Facebook to immediately reverse its decision.

“Facebook’s compliance with these demands sets a dangerous precedent. Governments around the world will see this as an open invitation to enlist Facebook in the service of state censorship,” the group said in a statement on Wednesday.

Facebook has faced pressure to take down anti-government content in many countries over the years.

In Vietnam, despite sweeping economic reform and increasing openness to social change, the governing Communist Party retains tight control of media and tolerates little dissent, ranking 175th of 180 countries on Reporters Without Borders’ World Press Freedom Index.

To that end, it keeps a close watch on Facebook, which serves more than 65 million users as the main platform for both e-commerce and expressions of political dissent.

Activist jailed

Early last year, Vietnam accused Facebook of violating a new cybersecurity law by allowing users to post anti-government comments on the platform.

In the months that followed, Amnesty International said at least 16 people were arrested, detained or convicted for such posts. In November, state media reported that five more had been jailed.

The cybersecurity law requires foreign companies such as Facebook to set up local offices and store data in Vietnam – although Facebook says it does not store user data in the country.

The Facebook sources said the company typically resists requests to block access to user posts in a specific country, but the pressure of having its local servers impeded had forced it to comply.

“To be clear, that does not mean we will be complying with every request that the government sends us. But we did commit to restricting significantly more content,” one source said.

Facebook’s statement said: “We believe freedom of expression is a fundamental human right, and work hard to protect and defend this important civil liberty around the world … However, we have taken this action to ensure our services remain available and usable for millions of people in Vietnam, who rely on them every day.”

Big market

Since 2016, Vietnam has become of one of Facebook’s biggest markets in Asia.

According to Ants, a Vietnam-based market researcher, digital advertising revenue in Vietnam amounted to around $550m in 2018, 70 percent of which went to United States social media giants Facebook and Google.

The server shutdown began in mid-February and persisted until early April, the sources said, at the same time as concerns about the spread of the novel coronavirus were intensifying.

With Facebook usage so widespread in Vietnam, users began to notice that access was slow to Facebook as well as its Messenger chatting app and its picture-blogging site, Instagram.

State media at the time blamed the slowdown on maintenance to undersea cables, and state telecommunications firms apologised for unstable access to Facebook.

“VNPT and partners are actively working to check and rectify the problem,” VNPT said in a statement at the time.

But behind the scenes, as Facebook struggled to maintain its services, it was talking to the government, the sources said.

“Once we committed to restricting more content, then after that, the servers were turned back online by the telecommunications operators,” one source said.

The second source contrasted the drop in traffic in Vietnam with a surge elsewhere as dozens of countries put in place restrictions on movement that encouraged separated friends and families to turn to Facebook.

“Vietnamese telcos were unique in restricting access at a time when people need services like Facebook. It was a sharp contrast with other places in the world,” they said. “Thankfully, that’s now resolved”.