A Bulgarian woman, an economist, will soon lead the IMF

Bulgarian economist Kristalina Georgieva was confirmed on Wednesday as managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), becoming the first head of the $1 trillion-asset global lender from an emerging market economy.

A centre-right politician who grew up in Bulgaria under communism, Georgieva built a reputation as a tenacious straight shooter, champion of gender equality and leader in the global fight against climate change during her time at the World Bank – where she has been on a leave of absence from her post as chief executive officer during the IMF nomination process – and the European Commission.

She will face a host of challenges as the head of the IMF, the world’s crisis lender, including a global economic slowdown triggered by escalating trade tensions between the United States and China.

“Warning signs are flashing, and we must be ready to be tested,” Georgieva, 66, told reporters at the bank’s Washington headquarters after her confirmation.

In addition to economic worries, the US, which represents the largest voting bloc on the IMF board, has withdrawn from multilateral accords. Meanwhile, risks are growing in emerging markets such as Argentina, which last year received a $57bn bailout, the IMF’s largest ever.

Georgieva said her priority would be to help the bank’s 189 member countries minimise risks. The bank would aim to be attentive to all members, big or small, she added.

Georgieva, backed by French President Emmanuel Macron, last month won support from the rest of the European Union, as well as tacit backing from the US.

In her new role, she will need to “work on rebuilding the institution’s legitimacy among emerging market economies,” said Eswar Prasad, a Cornell University professor who is the former head of the bank’s China division.

The world’s “major advanced economies continue to view the key international financial institutions as their fiefdoms,” he said.

An IMF board source told Reuters before Wednesday’s confirmation that Georgieva was ready for the job. “She has convinced the board that she is the leader that the institution needs and will be a strong advocate for the multilateral system,” the source said, speaking on condition of anonymity because the board’s deliberations are not public.

Georgieva’s nomination spawned great pride in her home country. “Only 20 years ago, Bulgaria was among the countries with an IMF rescue programme,” the leading financial newspaper Kapital said earlier this month. “The nomination of the former Bulgarian EU commissioner should be seen not only as her personal acknowledgement, but as a diplomatic success for the country.”

Georgieva replaces Christine Lagarde, who became the first woman to head the IMF when she took the helm in 2011. Lagarde, 63, guided the lender through the European sovereign debt crisis, which began about a month after she took office. She is departing to head the European Central Bank.

Before her appointment at the World Bank, Georgieva held numerous senior European Commission posts, including budget commissioner. She has deep knowledge of emerging market countries that are served by the World Bank.

Scott Morris, a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, said Georgieva quickly made an impact after assuming the number-two role at the World Bank in early 2017. She pushed for consensus on a $13bn capital increase and reform package agreed upon last year. Under the reforms, lending to China and other wealthier developing countries will decrease, with more resources going to needier countries.

“She was able to bring together a diverse group of shareholders. That’s her strength,” said Morris, a former US Department of the Treasury official. “What’s less clear is how she will handle the day-to-day business of the fund – that business being the crisis moments. It’s harder to see how she will respond in a crisis.”

Morris said Lagarde was successful in that she was not viewed as representing European interests, which helped her navigate the Greek debt crisis. Georgieva will have to take a similar multilateral approach, keeping her focus on the interests of the institution and individual countries.

“No one thought of Lagarde as a European chief executive,” Morris said. “She rose above that.”