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Stricter anti-doping penalties will be applied to elite athletes in the World Marathon Majors (WMM), the series that brings together six of the world's top races, organisers said on Friday.
Tokyo, Boston, London, Berlin, Chicago and New York have collectively revised their elite athlete contracts to include new provisions that include the right to suspend payment and demand repayments of prize money, appearance fees and performance bonuses.
The sanctions will be triggered for any athlete "found in violation of a criminal offense involving drugs, anti-doping rules, or if for any other reason the athlete's result has been nullified by a relevant governing body," WMM said in a statement.
Increased deterrents
Women's world record holder Paula Radcliffe applauded the move and hoped all major events would follow suit.
"The cheats need to understand that they are not welcome in our sport and will be caught and made to pay," she said.
"This is a step forward in increasing the deterrent and showing athletes and managers that cheating won't be tolerated.
"Having to pay back all money won while cheating is common sense and a logical element that has been missing for a long time. It is clear that any monies won while cheating are tantamount to fraud and should be returned."
Tokyo is making its WMM debut on Sunday with Kenyan Dennis Kimetto holding the fastest time in the men's field. Compatriot Michael Kipyego is the defending champion.
The Marathon majors series was founded in 2006 with the men's and women's winners each receiving $500,000 in prize money at the end of a two-year cycle.
WMM said it has supported increased and more frequent out-of-competition drug tests in Kenya and Ethiopia, the two countries which provide a majority of top competitors.
The six member marathons have already agreed that any athlete found guilty of a doping offence will not be invited back to their races.
Kenya's three-times world 3,000 metres steeplechase champion Moses Kiptanui said last week that doping was taking place in Kenyan running camps.
Allegations that Kenyan athletes were using drugs surfaced ahead of last year's London Olympics when German television broadcaster ARD reported systematic doping by Kenya's elite athletes who train at camps in the Rift Valley region.
Athletics Kenya rejected the accusation.
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