The Canadian parliament has refused to extend controversial anti-terrorism legislation enacted after the September 11, 2001 attacks on the US which allows for preventive arrests and compels testimony.
The motion by Stephen Harper, the prime minister, was defeated 159-124 in the House of Commons on Tuesday.
The ruling conservative government had wanted to extend the contentious pieces of legislation that are set to expire on Thursday.
"The powers that are there are necessary for national security," Harper said before voting began.
The laws allow the authorities to arrest and detain suspects for three days without charge and to compel individuals with knowledge of terrorist activity to testify before a judge.
Neither piece of legislation has ever been applied.
But all three opposition parties argued that they were a blatant violation of civil rights.
Stephane Dion, leader of the opposition Liberal party, said the two measures were an unnecessary infringement on civil liberties and rejected charges that he was soft on terrorism.
"These two provisions especially have done nothing to fight against terrorism, have not been helpful and have continued to create some risk for civil liberties," he said.
Sunset laws
Dion's deputy, Michael Ignatieff, said: "We've got to sunset these clauses... because the whole architecture of anti-terrorist legislation in our country needs amendment and reform."
The legislature's move comes just days after Canada's top court struck down another controversial anti-terror measure.
On Friday, the Supreme Court quashed portions of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, deeming it unconstitutional.
The law provided for the preventive detention of foreigners suspected of terrorist ties for many years based on undisclosed evidence presented at secret court hearings.
The measures have been used since 2001 to imprison five al-Qaeda suspects.