Americans John Hall and Roy Glauber and German Theodor Haensch have won the 2005 Nobel Prize in physics for their work in advancing the precision of optic technology that could lead to clear long-distance communication worldwide and beyond.

Finn Kydland of Norway and Edward Prescott of the

Two US scientists have won the 2004 Nobel prize in medicine for showing how the sense of smell enables people to recall diverse memories.

US economist Robert Engle studied investment risk for many years. Now that his research has been recognised – with a Nobel prize – and accepted by the financial community, he is a happy man.